Product Description
Product Description
structural carbon steel :45# with details in under sheet :
| Standard No. | Alloy No. | Chemical compositions(%) | ||||||
| C | Cr | Mn | Ni | P | S | Si | ||
| GB/T699-1999 | 45# | 0.42~0.50 | ≤0.25 | 0.50~0.80 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | 0.17~0.37 |
| Mechanical Property |
Tensile Strength(Mpa) | Yeild Strength(Mpa) | Elongation(%) | Contraction of area Z(%) | ||||
| ≥600 | ≥355 | ≥16 | ≥40 | |||||
The correlation between properties and parameters-S45C (JIS)-SAE1045(Aisi)-SM45 of No. 45 steel(45 steel) was studied:
No. 45 steel is a carbon structural steel with 0.45% carboncontent. It is characterized by low price, good cutting performance, high hardness after quenching, good strength, toughness and wear resistance after quenching and temperingtreatment, is widely used in manufacturing structural partsand low-grade plastic mold. “45 steel” is a popular name, thesymbol is generally recorded as”45 #”. In fact GB standardsteel number is”45″, it is not a sequential number, read as”45steel” is not very accurate. Ingredient code 45 steels of similar designation are S45C (JIS) and 1045(Aisi) . In addition, ourcountry metallurgical technology standard has SM45 brandnumber to express the plastic mold use specially. Comparedwith 45 steel, SM45 has lower phosphorus and sulfur contentand better steel purity.
| Standards | YB/T 094 | AISI | JIS G4051 |
| Alloy No. | SM45 | 1045 | S45C |
| C | 0.42-0.48 | 0.43-0.50 | 0.42-0.48 |
| Si | 0.17-0.37 | 0.15-0.35 | |
| Mn | 0.50-0.80 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.60-0.90 |
| P | <0.030 | <0.030 | <0.030 |
| S | <0.035 | <0.035 | <0.035 |
Recommended process specification for heat treatment andhardness: quenching temperature 820 – 860″ C, water-oroil-cooled, hardness 250 HRC. Recommended tempering pro-cess specifcation: tempering temperature is 500 – 560″ C, aircooling, hardness is 25 – 33HRC. Tempering in this temperature range is the tempering treatment, Quenching and tempering make the strength, plasticity and toughness of 45 steelget a good balance, the comprehensive performance is good,can adapt to the alternating load environment. After quench-ing and tempering, the surface hardness of 45 steel is low anddoes not wear well. So commonly used quenching and tempering + surface quenching to improve the surface hardnessof parts.
| Tempering temperature | After quenching | Unit centigrade | |||||
| 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 550 | 600 | ||
| Hardness HRC |
57 | 55 | 50 | 41 | 33 | 26 | 22 |
| Mechanical properties (GB/T 699-1999) | |||
| Sample size | mm | 25 | |
| Heat treatments recommended | Normalizing | ºC | 850 |
| Quenching | ºC | 840 | |
| Tempering | ºC | 600 | |
| Mechanical properties | Tensile strongth | Mpa | ≥600 |
| Strong yield | Mpa | ≥355 | |
| Elongation | Mpa | ≥16 | |
| Section shrinkago | Mpa | ≥40 | |
| Impact | Mpa | ≥39 | |
| Hardness of delivery | HB | ≤229 | |
| HB | ≤197 | ||
Main Products
Company Profile
ZheJiang Xihu (West Lake) Dis. Equipment Manufacturing Co, Ltd., located in HangZhou City, ZheJiang Province, is a steel forging manufacturing enterprise specializing in the production of forged round steel, square steel, shaft forgings, ring forgings, cylinder forgings, and forging processing, heat treatment, mechanical processing, and finished parts processing. 0.75 tons to 30 tons of ingot steel can also be supplied. The company has a strong special steel supply channel as support, especially in the special steel forgings more resource advantages, products include “chromium-nick- el-molybdenum steel, bonded steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, spring steel, bearing steel, rolls and other series.”Our company can also ensure flaw detection at all levels according to customer requirements and provide quality certification documents.
Forging Equipment
The main equipment is 2000 tons of hydraulic press, ring rolling machine, 3 tons of forging hammer, 2 tons of forging hammer, 1 ton forging hammer, 750KG forging hammer, 30T heat treatment and temper- ing furnace, lathe, sawing machine and other more than 30 sets of equipment, which can produce
forgings weighing 20Kg-20000Kg. Products are not only widely used in domestic large locomotives, coal machines, petroleum machinery, shipbuilding and other industries, but also exported to Europe, South- east Asia, and other countries and regions, forging products using advanced production technology
“high-power electric CHINAMFG (EF)furnace external refining (LF) vacuum degassing (VD) fast forging annealing (or normalizing) turning, Ensure chemical composition and mechanical property require-ments.
FAQ
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What is the difference between forging and casting?
Forging: It is the process of transforming a CHINAMFG from 1 shape to another. Casting: It is the process of transforming a shapeless liquid metal into a CHINAMFG with a shape. The so-called casting is the process of casting molten metal into a model to obtain a casting. The casting profession focuses on the metal melting process and the control of processes during the casting process. Forging is a plastic forming process in the CHINAMFG state, which can be divided into hot processing and cold processing. Forgings include extrusion, drawing, roughening, punching, and so on. Casting is a CHINAMFG liquid CHINAMFG process, while forging is a CHINAMFG to CHINAMFG process where a CHINAMFG can change its shape into another shape at high temperatures. There are still differences in the shape process and process of the two.
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How to choose high-quality forgings?
In the quality inspection of forgings, there are mainly external observation methods and internal inspection methods. The appearance method, as the name suggests, is to observe the appearance of the product, such as the shape, geometric dimensions, surface condition, etc. of the forging, in order to understand whether it meets the standards and whether there are external defects. Specifically, it is to check whether the external dimensions of the forging meet the specifications and whether there are defects on the surface, such as cracks, wrinkles, bubbles, indentations, pits, impurities, scratches, etc. on the surface of the forging. Internal testing mainly involves analyzing the chemical composition, macroscopic and microscopic structures, and mechanical properties of forgings. This inspection process requires the use of specialized instruments for high magnification inspection, with the aim of checking for any phenomena such as fractures and shrinkage within the forging, as well as defects such as dendrites and white spots, disordered flow lines, and throughflow. It also includes the tensile strength, ductility, hardness, plasticity, and heat resistance temperature of the forging.
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What are the characteristics of the forging process for blank forgings?
The forging process of circular forgings mainly consists of the following processes: pier roughening, elongation, punching, and expanding. The difference between free forging and ring rolling processes is mainly in the process of expanding holes. In the production of ring forgings, free forging is usually used to expand the hole with a horse screw, while ring rolling is mainly used to expand the hole with rolling.
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| Processing Object: | Metal |
|---|---|
| Molding Style: | Forging |
| Molding Technics: | Hot Forging |
| Application: | Machinery Parts |
| Material: | Steel |
| Heat Treatment: | Tempering |
| Samples: |
US$ 1100/Ton
1 Ton(Min.Order) | |
|---|
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
How do spline shafts handle variations in torque and rotational force?
Spline shafts are designed to handle variations in torque and rotational force in mechanical systems. Here’s a detailed explanation:
1. Interlocking Splines:
Spline shafts have a series of interlocking splines along their length. These splines engage with corresponding splines on the mating component, such as gears or couplings. The interlocking design ensures a secure and robust connection, capable of transmitting torque and rotational force.
2. Load Distribution:
When torque is applied to a spline shaft, the load is distributed across the entire engagement surface of the splines. This helps to minimize stress concentrations and prevents localized wear or failure. The load distribution capability of spline shafts allows them to handle variations in torque and rotational force effectively.
3. Material Selection:
Spline shafts are typically made from materials with high strength and durability, such as alloy steels. The material selection is crucial in handling variations in torque and rotational force. It ensures that the spline shaft can withstand the applied loads without deformation or failure.
4. Spline Profile:
The design of the spline profile also contributes to the handling of torque variations. The spline profile determines the contact area and the distribution of forces along the splines. By optimizing the spline profile, manufacturers can enhance the load-carrying capacity and improve the ability of the spline shaft to handle variations in torque.
5. Surface Finish and Lubrication:
Proper surface finish and lubrication play a crucial role in the performance of spline shafts. A smooth surface finish reduces friction and wear, while suitable lubrication minimizes heat generation and ensures smooth operation. These factors help in handling variations in torque and rotational force by reducing the impact of friction and wear on the spline engagement.
6. Design Considerations:
Engineers take several design considerations into account to ensure spline shafts can handle variations in torque and rotational force. These considerations include appropriate spline dimensions, tooth profile geometry, spline fit tolerance, and the selection of mating components. By carefully designing the spline shaft and its mating components, engineers can optimize the system’s performance and reliability.
7. Overload Protection:
In some applications, spline shafts may be equipped with overload protection mechanisms. These mechanisms, such as shear pins or torque limiters, are designed to disconnect the drive temporarily or slip when the torque exceeds a certain threshold. This protects the spline shaft and other components from damage due to excessive torque.
Overall, spline shafts handle variations in torque and rotational force through their interlocking splines, load distribution capability, appropriate material selection, optimized spline profiles, surface finish, lubrication, design considerations, and, in some cases, overload protection mechanisms. These features ensure efficient torque transmission and enable spline shafts to withstand the demands of various mechanical systems.
How do spline shafts handle variations in load capacity and weight?
Spline shafts are designed to handle variations in load capacity and weight in mechanical systems. Here’s how they accomplish this:
1. Material Selection:
Spline shafts are typically made from high-strength materials such as steel or alloy, chosen for their ability to withstand heavy loads and provide durability. The selection of materials takes into account factors such as tensile strength, yield strength, and fatigue resistance to ensure the shaft can handle variations in load capacity and weight.
2. Engineering Design:
Spline shafts are designed with consideration for the anticipated loads and weights they will encounter. The dimensions, profile, and number of splines are determined based on the expected torque requirements and the magnitude of the applied loads. By carefully engineering the design, spline shafts can handle variations in load capacity and weight while maintaining structural integrity and reliable performance.
3. Load Distribution:
The interlocking engagement of spline shafts allows for effective load distribution along the length of the shaft. This helps distribute the applied loads evenly, preventing localized stress concentrations and minimizing the risk of deformation or failure. By distributing the load, spline shafts can handle variations in load capacity and weight without compromising their performance.
4. Structural Reinforcement:
In applications with higher load capacities or heavier weights, spline shafts may incorporate additional structural features to enhance their strength. This can include thicker spline teeth, larger spline diameters, or reinforced sections along the shaft. By reinforcing critical areas, spline shafts can handle increased loads and weights while maintaining their integrity.
5. Lubrication and Surface Treatment:
Proper lubrication is essential for spline shafts to handle variations in load capacity and weight. Lubricants reduce friction between the mating surfaces, minimizing wear and preventing premature failure. Additionally, surface treatments such as coatings or heat treatments can enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the spline shaft, improving its ability to handle varying loads and weights.
6. Testing and Validation:
Spline shafts undergo rigorous testing and validation to ensure they meet the specified load capacity and weight requirements. This may involve laboratory testing, simulation analysis, or field testing under real-world conditions. By subjecting spline shafts to thorough testing, manufacturers can verify their performance and ensure they can handle variations in load capacity and weight.
Overall, spline shafts are designed and engineered to handle variations in load capacity and weight by utilizing appropriate materials, optimizing the design, distributing loads effectively, incorporating structural reinforcement when necessary, implementing proper lubrication and surface treatments, and conducting thorough testing and validation. These measures enable spline shafts to reliably transmit torque and handle varying loads in diverse mechanical applications.
What is a spline shaft and what is its primary function?
A spline shaft is a mechanical component that consists of a series of ridges or teeth (called splines) that are machined onto the surface of the shaft. Its primary function is to transmit torque while allowing for the relative movement or sliding of mating components. Here’s a detailed explanation:
1. Structure and Design:
A spline shaft typically has a cylindrical shape with external or internal splines. The external spline shaft has splines on the outer surface, while the internal spline shaft has splines on the inner bore. The number, size, and shape of the splines can vary depending on the specific application and design requirements.
2. Torque Transmission:
The main function of a spline shaft is to transmit torque between two mating components, such as gears, couplings, or other rotational elements. The splines on the shaft engage with corresponding splines on the mating component, creating a mechanical interlock. When torque is applied to the spline shaft, the engagement between the splines ensures that the rotational force is transferred from the shaft to the mating component, allowing the system to transmit power.
3. Relative Movement:
Unlike other types of shafts, a spline shaft allows for relative movement or sliding between the shaft and the mating component. This sliding motion can be axial (along the shaft’s axis) or radial (perpendicular to the shaft’s axis). The splines provide a precise and controlled interface that allows for this movement while maintaining torque transmission. This feature is particularly useful in applications where axial or radial displacement or misalignment needs to be accommodated.
4. Load Distribution:
Another important function of a spline shaft is to distribute the applied load evenly along its length. The splines create multiple contact points between the shaft and the mating component, which helps to distribute the torque and axial or radial forces over a larger surface area. This load distribution minimizes stress concentrations and reduces the risk of premature wear or failure.
5. Versatility and Applications:
Spline shafts find applications in various industries and systems, including automotive, aerospace, machinery, and power transmission. They are commonly used in gearboxes, drive systems, power take-off units, steering systems, and many other rotational mechanisms where torque transmission, relative movement, and load distribution are essential.
6. Design Considerations:
When designing a spline shaft, factors such as the torque requirements, speed, applied loads, and environmental conditions need to be considered. The spline geometry, material selection, and surface finish are critical for ensuring proper engagement, load-bearing capacity, and durability of the spline shaft.
In summary, a spline shaft is a mechanical component with splines that allows for torque transmission while accommodating relative movement or sliding between mating components. Its primary function is to transmit rotational force, distribute loads, and enable axial or radial displacement in various applications requiring precise torque transfer and flexibility.
editor by CX 2024-04-22
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